A little more than a week after the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) began its march to capture
This is only the
latest flashpoint in a long-evolving, global threat exposed by the 9/11
attacks.
The group traces
its roots to al-Qaeda in Iraq ,
led by the ruthless Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who tried to ignite a sectarian war
between Sunni and Shiite – and nearly succeeded.
The pullout of US
troops in 2011 in Iraq , as
well as the power vacuum in Syria ,
created conditions that one US
official called “the Super Bowl of jihad.”
More than 12,000
Muslim extremists have travelled to Syria to fight in just 3 years,
according to a report by the Soufan Group, a private security company.
That’s more than
the 10,000 estimated to have fought in Afghanistan in the late 80s, the
conflict that spawned al-Qaeda.
“That’s why so
much of the world is today focused on Iraq ,” said US Ambassador to the
Philippines Philip Goldberg, who for 3 years, was Assistant Secretary of State
for the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. “And why this has been a very
troubling moment as ISIS, which went up into Syria to fight jihad there, are
returning to Iraq to their roots with many foreign fighters in tow – including
those who may be there from East Asia or other places in the world, including
the United States," he told Rappler
in an interview on Tuesday, June 17.
The FBI estimated
last May that about 70 fighters from the US
travelled to fight in Syria ,
including the first known American suicide
bomber from Florida .
Intelligence
sources disclosed that about 200 Australians, 50 Indonesians and about 20
Malaysians have gone to fight the jihad in Syria . Singapore
said it’s investigating one Singaporean, while a Filipino intelligence source
said at least one Filipino linked to Abu Sayyaf has gone to Syria .
Social
media targets Indonesia
On June 9, the
day ISIS began its march to capture Baghdad , a
video of Indonesian men in Syria
was posted on YouTube.
In a little more
than 11 minutes, hooded men holding their Kalashnikovs, speak in Bahasa
Indonesia with snippets of Arabic. They urge their countrymen to join ISIS : “Let us fight in the path of Allah because it is
our duty to do jihad in the path of Allah.”
"They work
underground even though we hit them hard," Indonesian President Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono told me. "They have the capability to consolidate, to
reorganize, and try to find the opportunity to strike us again. There are many
smaller organizations. There are many branches that developed, but actually the
mainstream remains. Al-Qaeda is the big brother," Yudhoyono added.
The fear now is
that Syria is functioning
much like Afghanistan
did in the late 80s.
Goldberg
explained: “It’s a situation where Syria became a central focal point
for these groups and for international jihadists. People just want to get to a
fight – some of them not even understanding exactly what it is.”
That includes
Southeast Asia and Australia ,
the countries where cells of Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) were discovered after 9/11.
On Friday, June
13, Malaysian police arrested 3
Malaysians, including a Royal Malaysian Navy officer, in an
operation led by its Special Branch Counter-Terrorism Division in Sandakan on the east coast of Sabah .
Police said they
were members of a group linked to ISIS in Iraq
and the Abu Sayyaf, a notorious group in the southern Philippines
that has swung back and forth from its al-Qaeda roots to crime.
Malaysian
authorities said they have arrested 15 other members of the same group since
April 28.
The men,
according to a Special Branch source, were planning to fight in Syria and then “launch suicide bombings in Iraq .”
They allegedly
trained in the southern Philippines ,
where Southeast Asia 's most wanted, JI leaders
Malaysian Marwan and Singaporean Muawiyah, have found shelter and continue to
train fighters.
Intelligence
sources in the Philippines
told Rappler that may well be true. Although curtailed significantly in the
past decade and dampened by a signed peace agreement between the government and
the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, once JI's main partner in the Philippines ,
training still continues.
The more
extremist BIFF, the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF), continues to
train and shelter members of JI, a charge the group denies.
Last week, the Philippine military and
police wounded bomb-maker Abdul Basit Usman, a main link between JI
and the Abu Sayyaf. He carries a $1 million reward for his capture under
the US Rewards for Justice program.
Ground commander
Lt. Col. Donald Hongitan said troops located a JI explosives manufacturing
facility.
“During the raid
Usman was there. He was wounded as per report from our operating troops in the
field,” he said, adding that “This proves BIFF is not only coddling Jemaah
Islamiyah but it seems they have strong ties.”
Although rarely
publicly acknowledged, that has never been disputed. The ties are traced and
documented in my book, "From Bin Laden to
Facebook."
Fighters associated with JI in
the Philippines use the same black flag that's used by ISIS and which
sprouted in more than 20 countries after the Benghazi attacks in Libya.
On Saturday, June
14, The Star of Malaysia
reported 27 year old Ahmad Tarmimi Maliki became “Malaysia ’s first suicide bomber,”
driving a military SUV full of tons of explosives into SWAT headquarters in
al-Anbar on May 26. He killed 25 elite Iraq
soldiers shortly before an ISIS attack.
On Sunday, June
15, members of Jemaah Ansharut
Tauhid (JAT) marched around and disrupted street musicians in the
Indonesian city of Solo , waving ISIS flags and
proudly displaying ISIS symbols.
New
generation of terrorists
“JAT is the new
camouflage of JI,” Ansyaad Mbai, the chief of Indonesia ’s National
Counter-Terrorism Agency (BNPT) told me. “It has the same leader, Abu Bakar
Ba’asyir, and most of the key figures of JAT are also JI so I call this the new
jacket of JI.”
Like al-Qaeda,
JI’s top and middle leadership has been degraded – arrested or killed by law
enforcement. The cells, however, remained and have mutated.
The first
Indonesian jihadist to die in Syria ,
for example, went to school in the notorious Pondok Ngruki, founded by JI (now
JAT) leader Abu Bakar Ba’asyir, the school of many of the Bali 2002 bombers.
At least 16 out
of 26 of the 2002 Bali bombers either attended or were associated with one of
three JI-linked schools: Al-Mukmin in Pondok Ngruki, Lukmanul Hakim in Malaysia , and Al-Islam in East
Java . Association with Lukmanul Hakim "increases the probability
by more than 23% that a jihadi will play a major role in an attack."
The names may
change, but the social networks and virulent ideology remain the same.
The fear is that
fighters from Syria – like
the Bali bombers – will return home and carry
out attacks using tactics they honed in battle. So far, there's only been one
known instance of this happening: 3 weeks ago, a French-Algerian who had fought
a year with ISIS in Syria
was arrested for a deadly attack on the Jewish Museum in Brussels .
"We were
very concerned when we saw a video of an American who ended up in Syria and was
involved in a suicide bombing," said Goldberg. "These are issues of
concern because the same people who go in, if they're from European or American
background can travel more easily if they're not identified or known. So this
has stirred quite a bit of concern in all corners, not just in Washington but around
the world."
If history
repeats itself, according to the Soufan report, then “the Syrian war is likely
to be an incubator for a new generation of terrorists.”
http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/middle-east/60877-southeast-asia-terrorism-isis