PHL, US defense agreement highlights US 'rebalance' to Asia -- Goldberg

From the Philippine New Agency (Apr 28): PHL, US defense agreement highlights US 'rebalance' to Asia -- Goldberg

The signing Monday of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) with the Philippines highlights the US government's "rebalance" policy to Asia.

This was stressed by US Ambassador to the Philippines, Philip Goldberg, during Monday's EDCA signing ceremonies at the Armed Forces' Commissioned Officers' Club in Camp Aguinaldo, Monday.

"After eight rounds of negotiations in as many months, it's very fitting that we're gathered here today to sign this landmark agreement just hours before our two presidents meet to mark a new stage in our relations and celebrate the American administration's 'rebalance' to Asia," Goldbergsaid.

"As most of the people in this room probably know, the US-Philippines alliance is the oldest of our five treaty alliances in Asia and the US-Philippines mutual defense treaty signed in 1951 continues to serve us well, having contributed to the security and stability of the region for the last six decades," he added.

Goldberg said that a good example of this is the annual "Balikatan" exercises, which will kick-off on May 5.

"The agreement we signed today would be an important part of the existing Mutual Defense Treaty and Visiting Forces Agreement but it will also serve to update our security alliance to meet the increasingly complex challenges of the 21st century, whether it is terrorism, transnational crimes or natural disasters like Typhoon 'Haiyan' (Yolanda)," he added.

Goldberg said that while the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and US military forces already work closely together, at all levels and across all services, through joint exercises, training, and subject matter expert exchanges, to increase their capabilities and interoperability, the EDCA serves as recognition by both sides that there is even more we can do together to support the alliance and to promote peace and security in the region.

"The Agreement is based on a number of key principles and shared values: The mutuality of benefits for both nations as we develop our individual and collective defense capacities; respect for Philippine sovereignty over all locations covered under the Agreement; and the understanding the United States does not intend to establish a permanent military presence in the Philippines," he added.

Goldberg said the EDCA will increase training opportunities for US and Philippine forces, which will contribute to increased interoperability and a greater ability to jointly respond to humanitarian operations.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=1&sid=&nid=1&rid=638570

New military accord elevates PHL-US defense alliance, says DFA Chief

From the Philippine News Agency (Apr 28): New military accord elevates PHL-US defense alliance, says DFA Chief

Foreign Affairs Secretary Albert del Rosario on Monday called the new defense agreement between the Philippines and the United States a “milestone” pact that elevates the long-time allies’ defense partnership.

A product of nearly two years of planning and negotiations, the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement or EDCA was signed by Defense Secretary Voltaire Gazmin and U.S. Ambassador Philip Goldberg a few hours before the arrival of U.S. President Barack Obama, who makes his last stop in Manila today following a week-long Asian tour that includes Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and Philippines.

“The EDCA elevates to a higher plane of engagement our already robust defense alliance, a cornerstone of peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region,” Del Rosario said in a statement.

“It provides new momentum for our partnership and opens up fresh avenues of bilateral cooperation,” he added.

EDCA expands the coverage of the existing Mutual Defense Treaty signed in 1951 by Manila and Washington and the 1999 Visiting Forces Agreement.

It allows an increased but non-permanent presence of American troops to the country and access to designated Philippine military facilities.

The agreement is also designed to strengthen the ill-equipped Philippine military for external defense, maritime security and maritime domain awareness amid heightened concerns over China’s actions in the disputed South China Sea.

Philippine officials assured that all activities under the EDCA are covered by the Philippine Constitution.

The accord also grants the U.S. military the right to pre-position its equipment, vessels and aircraft as it ruled out permanent basing and entry of nuclear weapons.

It likewise highlights enhanced cooperation on disaster response as demonstrated by the US’ prompt assistance to the Philippines when it was battered by super typhoon "Yolanda" in November of last year.

“With the rapidly evolving regional architecture and domestic realities, our dynamic and forward-looking partnership attaches great importance in enhancing our individual and collective self-defense capabilities, strengthening maritime security and maritime domain awareness, and improving humanitarian assistance and disaster relief capacities,” Del Rosario said.

He stressed that the “valuable components of a responsible and responsive security engagement” will benefit both countries and “contribute to regional and international security and stability.”

“With the EDCA, the Philippines and the United States as sovereign allies have written a new chapter for our modern and mature partnership, firmly grounded on deeply-held democratic values, common interests and shared aspirations,” Del Rosario said.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=1&sid=&nid=1&rid=638596

No nuclear, weapons of mass destruction allowed in enhanced defense cooperation -- Defense Department

From the Philippine News Agency (Apr 28): No nuclear, weapons of mass destruction allowed in enhanced defense cooperation -- Defense Department

Contrary to claims made by militant groups, the newly-signed Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) between the United States and the Philippines does not give authority to the American forces to bring nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction.

This was disclosed in a EDCA fact sheet released by the Department of National Defense (DND) Monday.

"Prohibition of entry to the Philippines of nuclear weapons, and reference to respective obligations of both Parties under the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention," it added.

The fact sheet also stressed that both parties must express strong commitment to protect the environment, human health and safety; preference for Philippine suppliers of goods, products and service in US military procurement; and, regular consultation on the implementation of the agreement.

Aside from these, other EDCA main features include:

-Clear provision that the US would “not establish a permanent military presence or base in the Philippines;

-US access to and use of designated areas in Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) owned and controlled facilities (“Agreed Locations”) will be at the invitation of the Philippine Government;

-Prior consent of the Philippines, through the Mutual Defense Board (MDB) and Security Engagement Board (SEB), with regard to US access and use of Agreed Locations which may be listed in an annex and further described in implementing arrangements;

-Philippines retention of primary responsibility for security of the Agreed Locations;

-Access of the AFP base commander to the entire area of the Agreed Locations;

-Philippine ownership of buildings and infrastructure once constructed by US military;

-Sharing and joint use of facilities in the Agreed Locations, including those built by the US military;

-Value of prepositioned materiél in the enhancement of AFP defense capabilities and possible transfer or purchase of materiél determined to be excess;

A fact sheet on the EDCA also answered concerned about the return of US bases in the country

"The agreement is very clear on this matter and specifies in the Preamble the Parties’ understanding for the US not to establish a permanent military presence or base in the territory of the Philippines. The EDCA does not authorize the establishment of US bases. It allows the US military access to agreed location," it said.

The EDCA also mandates that before constructions and other activities can be undertaken, prior consent of the Philippines will have to be secured through the MDB and Security Engagement Board (SEB) that were established under the MDT and the VFA.

The AFP base commander will have access to the entire area of the facilities shared with the US military. The Philippines will also own any building and similar infrastructure that will be built by the US military.

Activities to be undertaken under EDCA will likewise have to be approved by the Philippines through the MDB and SEB.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=1&sid=&nid=1&rid=638620

DND defends Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement

From the Philippine News Agency (Apr 28): DND defends Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement

A Department of National Defense (DND) Fact Sheet stated on Monday that the newly-signed Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) between the Philippines and the United States is above board and constitutional.

It explained that access of Philippine military facilities by American forces will be done “at the invitation of the Philippines and with full respect for the Philippine Constitution and Philippine laws.”

The DND fact sheet stressed that the constitutional provision which prohibits the establishment of “foreign military bases... or facilities” in the country except under a treaty duly concurred in by the Senate does not apply to EDCA.

The defining features of “foreign military bases” – extraterritoriality, exclusivity in use and foreign ownership – will not be applicable in the Agreed Locations.

On the other hand, the entry of US military troops for military exercises and other approved activities is already allowed under the PHL-US Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) which is a treaty concurred in by the Senate and upheld by the Supreme Court.

The provisions of EDCA, an executive agreement, are consistent with the Philippine Constitution, laws, and jurisprudence.

EDCA will have an initial term of 10 years. There will be regular bilateral consultations on the implementation of the Agreement.

The DND fact sheet stated that the number of visiting US personnel will depend on the scale and the frequency of the activities to be approved by both parties.

There will be no stationing of US personnel under EDCA. US personnel will come on temporary and rotational basis in relation to activities that will be held in AFP facilities.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=1&sid=&nid=1&rid=638664

International norms should be respected in resolving territorial disputes -- President Obama

From the Philippine News Agency (Apr 28): International norms should be respected in resolving territorial disputes -- President Obama

United States President Barack Obama on Monday stressed the need for international norms and rules to be respected in resolving territorial disputes.

”Our goal is not to counter China. Our goal is not to contain China. Our goal is to make sure that international rules and norms should be respected and that include the area of maritime disputes,” Obama said in a joint press conference with President Benigno S. Aquino III after their expanded bilateral meeting in Malacanang.

Obama, who is on two-day state visit in the Philippines, emphasized that coercion and intimidation is not the way to settle disputes, including territorial disputes between the Philippines, China and other claimants in the West Philippine Sea.

”Our primary interest is the peaceful resolution of conflict, freedom of navigation that allows for continued progress and prosperity. We don’t take specific position on the disputes between nations,” Obama pointed out.

With this, Obama said the US is supporting the approach of President Aquino to go before international arbitration body in resolving the West Philippine Sea.

”Our goal here is simply to make sure that everybody will cooperate in peaceful, responsible solution to attain prosperity, growth and jobs. We need to focus on security arrangement that avoids conflict and disputes and we’ll be able to place our attention on what should be focused on,” Obama said.

The bilateral talks between the two leaders was part of the US President’s last leg of his four-nation Asian tour that also include Japan, South Korea and Malaysia.

It was the first time a US President visited the Philippines since President George Bush came to the Philippines for a working visit in 2003.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=1&sid=&nid=1&rid=638700

Obama says PHL-U.S. defense agreement beneficial to both countries

From the Philippine News Agency (Apr 28): Obama says PHL-U.S. defense agreement beneficial to both countries

United States President Barack Obama said the newly signed Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) between the US and the Philippines will benefit the two countries, particularly on military readiness and response to calamities.

In a press conference with President Benigno S. Aquino III in Malacanang on Monday, Obama said the goal of the new defense cooperation agreement is wide-ranging.

The US President said that both countries have maintained strong alliance for many decades and Monday’s signing is an update on that partnership.

The goal of the agreement is to build Philippine capacity in training and in coordination, he said, adding that the EDCA not only concentrates on maritime security, but also on enhancing the two countries’ capabilities in responding to natural disasters.

“If there are additional threats that may arise, we are able to work in a cooperative fashion,” he said.

The agreement is similar to the pact that the US signed with Australia, he noted.

“I think this is going to be a terrific opportunity for us to work with the Philippines to make sure that our navies, our air force are coordinated; to make sure that there is information-sharing; to allow us to respond to new threats and to work with other countries—ASEAN countries, Australia, Japan,” Obama said.

The US goal here is simply to make sure that everybody is operating in a peaceful and responsible fashion, he said.

When there is regional stability, countries focus on more important things like increasing prosperity and growth, as well as creating jobs, the US leader noted.

“Those are the things that we, as leaders, should be focused on, need to be focused on. And if we have security arrangements that avoid conflict and dispute, then we’re able to place our attention on where we should be focusing,” Obama said.

Defense Minister Voltaire Gazmin and US Ambassador Philip Goldberg on Monday morning signed the agreement that allows a bigger US military presence in the country.

The 10-year deal is only a framework agreement. Details on the duration and number of US troops staying in the country still have to be negotiated.

Obama arrived in the Philippines from Malaysia on Monday afternoon for a two-day visit. Manila is the final leg of his Asian trip that also took him to Japan, South Korea, and Malaysia.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=1&sid=&nid=1&rid=638732

Rebel killed in Albay clash with Army troopers

From the Philippine News Agency (Apr 28): Rebel killed in Albay clash with Army troopers

A New People's Army (NPA) fighter was killed following an encounter Monday afternoon with Army troopers from 91st Division Reconnaissance Company in Barangay Matanglad, Pio Duran town, Albay.

The incident took place around 1 p.m. while the soldiers were conducting routine security and clearing patrols, said 9th Infantry Division spokesperson Capt. Mardjorie Panesa.

Around five rebels were encountered triggering a short firefight which killed one of the rebels and caused the survivors to flee.

Recovered from the slain NPA fighter was a 9mm pistol. No losses were reported in the government side.

"Balikatan" activities are being conducted in the nearby town of Guinobatan, Albay.

Last Sunday, around 9:45 a.m., troopers from the 5th Scout Ranger Company and 31st Infantry Battalion encountered 10 NPA fighters in the vicinity of Barangay Lapinig, Magallanes town, Sorsogon.

The rebels quickly fled after a short firefight which also resulted in the capture of one of their companions whom an undetermined amount of explosives and bullets were seized.

Pursuit operations are still ongoing as of this posting.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=1&sid=&nid=1&rid=638760

ASG camp captured in Patikul, Sulu

From the Philippine News Agency (Apr 28): ASG camp captured in Patikul, Sulu

Operatives from the 2nd Marine Brigade have successfully captured an Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) camp in Sitio Kan Kimao, Patikul, Monday morning.

This took place around 5 a.m., said Brig. Gen. Martin Pinto, 2nd Marine Brigade commander.

He noted the ASG lair consists of more than 50 huts which can accommodate more than 100 bandits.

Pinto said the ASG camp has a good water source and the whole area is concealed under a thick forest cover.

Aside from this, the facility is heavily fortified with bunkers while individual foxholes are strategically placed and scattered in different defensive positions.

Pinto said the captured ASG lair was reportedly one of the havens where consolidations, meetings and training of the bandits' new young recruits are being conducted.

The captured camp was also being utilized as a staging and rendezvous area before and after their conduct of atrocities like kidnapping.

Pinto said that by employing a very well directed fire from 81 mm mortars, the Marines were able to force the ASG to abandon the camp and withdraw towards different directions.

Information received states that there were casualties on the side of the ASG as a result of the mortar shelling but was extricated by their comrades during their withdrawal.

A hot pursuit and clearing operations are ongoing to track down the fleeing ASG.

http://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php?idn=&sid=&nid=&rid=638758

Activists blast EDCA signing, US 'expansionism' and PH govt's 'subservience' and 'betrayal'

From InterAksyon (Apr 28): Activists blast EDCA signing, US 'expansionism' and PH govt's 'subservience' and 'betrayal'



An effigy crafted by Bayan portrays President Benigno Aquino III as a dog pulling a chariot steered by US President Barack Obama, symbolizing the government's perceived subservience to American dictates. (photo by Bernard Testa, InterAksyon.com)

The ink had barely dried on the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA), more known as the agreement for the increased rotational presence of US troops in the country, than activists bashed the pact they see as proof of American “expansionism” abetted by the “subservience” of the Philippine government.

Various activist organizations have planned protests on Monday, the day the defense agreement was signed and when US President Barack Obama arrives in Manila for a two-day visit, several of them intending to march to Mendiola Bridge, a stone’s throw away from Malacanang Palace, despite tight security.

Earlier, former Vice President Teofisto Guingona Jr. and former Senators Wigberto Tanada and Rene Saguisag of the so-called "Magnificent 12" -- the senators who, in 1991, voted to reject the extended stay of American military bases in the country -- joined signatories in a statement of concern over "the lack of transparency" in negotiating the EDCA and the "rush to have the deal signed in time for the Obama visit."

The Partido ng Manggagawa slammed the government, accusing it of “unconditionally” tying itself to “Obama’s hegemonic agenda called ‘pivot to Asia’,” for lack of a “clear independent foreign policy.”

“Militarily, ‘pivot Asia’ establishes strategic military alliances in the region through permanent and temporary basing arrangements with regional allies.  Economically trade expansion will be done through the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreements, a US-led trading platform that represent about 40 percent of world trade,” said PM spokesperson Wilson Fortaleza.

Drumbeating for war

Fortaleza said Obama’s four-nation Asian tour, of which his visit to the Philippines is part, is part of the US president’s “drumbeating for war.”
He also slammed the government’s acquiescence to the EDCA, saying it allowed Obama to “project himself as redeemer and a man of peace when in truth he is a warmonger, while back home, he is considered a failure by the American working class.”

Fortaleza said PM and the Scrap VFA Movement “are demanding the demilitarization of Asia, and disputed territories be declared as regional commons and war-free zones.”

The party-list group Anakpawis accused the Aquino administration of the “highest betrayal of Philippine sovereignty” with the signing of the defense agreement, which it called “the resurrection of US military bases in the Philippines using the Chinese incursion hysteria to justify the return of (more) troops and nuclear-powered war vessels …”

‘Duplicitous’

The human rights group Karapatan, on the other hand, blasted the US and Philippine presidents for the “duplicitous” invocation of the slogans “anti-corruption, pro-peace and human rights” to disguise their “war agenda” and tied American military assistance directly to the continued violations of human rights in the country.

The group said the US should be held just as responsible as the Aquino government for human rights abuses because “it is the main funder of the” Armed Forces of the Philippines.

It blamed the US’ lifting of restrictions tying military aid to human rights for having “emboldened the … Aquino government and the Armed Forces of the Philippines to go on a killing spree, which resulted in 21 victims of extrajudicial killings and 23 victims of frustrated killings for the first quarter of 2014 alone.”

“We should learn from history that America’s military, economic and political presence in the country has spelled disaster for thousands of Filipinos for years now,” the National Union of Students of the Philippines said. “From the pillaging of our lands, to the dominance of pro-US and anti-Filipino laws and provisions, to the rape of our women and country, and to the wanton environmental destruction brought about by military and toxic wastes, what Aquino has done via EDCA is a total disservice to this nation.”

Here is what other groups have to say:

‘10 years a slave’

Kabataan party-list Representative Terry Ridon: “The signing of this new 10-year pact between Washington and Manila would usher in a decade of slavery for the Filipino people who will be forced to again witness rapacious American expansionism and militarization, a decade which will be marked not by increased peace and stability -- but rather increased tension and unease.

Our countrymen do not deserve this new travesty against our national sovereignty. The Aquino administration keeps harping about how this new pact would supposedly shield us from Chinese incursions in our seas, yet a deeper analysis would reveal that such agreement would only advance Washington’s economic and political interests, especially its bid to finally secure China’s support and allegiance.”

Women targets for abuse

Gabriela party-list Representatives Luz Ilagan and Emmi de Jesus: “The Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement puts the Visiting Forces Agreement to shame. This agreement allows an unlimited number of troops to stay in an unlimited number of areas in the Philippines. It is an outright transgression of our Constitution and an outright sell-out of our sovereignty. This agreement likewise puts Filipino women and children in a vulnerable situation, making us open targets for abuse.

From Rosario Baluyot to Nicole and Vanessa, no US soldier, not even one, has been made accountable for the violence that Filipino women and children are subjected to during their presence.” Sellout of Sovereignty

From Balangiga to Tubbataha to EDCA: ‘Obsequiousness like no other’

National Union of People's Lawyer: “The Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement spites, ridicules, and lays to waste the lessons learned from the sordid tales from the howling wilderness of Samar, the gritty and seedy world of Subic and Clark, and the damaged reefs of Tubbataha. Today the EDCA says it will welcome back US troops – but they never really left, did they?

The continued and continuing violation of the Philippine Constitution, laws and public policies, principles of international law, sovereignty and self-determination all the more remind us that we are slaves, insecure and suffering, in our own land --alipin sa sariling bayan.”

Plunder of resources

Kalikasan People's Network for the Environment: “The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement is being railroaded by Obama in the Philippines and other Pacific Rim countries to add to the 12 countries that are already signatories in the agreement. The TPPA aims to dismantle all controls and regulations on big corporations in a free-trade zone where the US can control trade routes, plunder untapped natural resources, and even file harassment suits against governments.”

Exploitation of workers

Migrante International: “Charter change will pave the way for the signing of the US-PH Transpacific Partnership in trade which will further aggravate forced migration and the labor export policy. Under the Aquino administration, the number of OFWs leaving the country increased from 2,500 daily in 2010 to 4,884 in 2013. This is the result of massive unemployment, low wages, landlessness and privatization of social services under the Aquino regime. Obama’s visit will further prey on the country’s worsening economic situation brought about by Aquino government’s unreformed policies.

Its only recourse will be to further seek job markets abroad and intensify its labor export policy at the expense of the rights and welfare of Filipino workers. The labor export policy is nothing but a big business venture from which both the US and PH governments profit, with OFWs as milking cows.”

Intensified land grabbing, displacement

Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas: “We expect US troops to once again directly participate in the local military’s counter-insurgency and combat operations that will result to increasing militarization, human rights abuses, and massive displacement of farmers in the countryside.”

http://www.interaksyon.com/article/85608/activists-blast-edca-signing-us-expansionism-and-ph-govts-subservience-and-betrayal

Obama arrives in Manila on last leg of tour to cement defense ties with allies

From InterAksyon (Apr 28): Obama arrives in Manila on last leg of tour to cement defense ties with allies



US President Obama shakes hands hands with President Aquino, who welcomed him to Malacanang Palace. The two presidents participated in arrival honors at the Palace grounds, where Obama also signed the official Guest Book, is engaged in bilateral meetings, and will be honored at a state dinner at 7 pm tonight. The two presidents will hold a joint presser at 4pm. AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

President Barack Obama landed in the Philippines Monday to cement new defense ties on the last leg of an Asian tour conducted against a backdrop of territorial tensions between US allies and China.

Obama flew into Manila from Malaysia, hours after the allies signed a new defense agreement allowing more US troops and defence hardware to rotate through the Philippines, part of a US rebalancing of military power towards rising Asia.

Obama was also preoccupied with the crisis in Ukraine, which has shadowed him around Asia for the last six days, as the United States and Europe gear up to slap new sanctions on Russia, likely within hours.

Obama was due to meet Philippine President Benigno Aquino, participate in a joint press conference and be honored at a state dinner.

Anti-China sentiments run high in the Philippines, which is locked in a showdown with the Asian giant over disputed atolls in the South China Sea, part of a proliferation of maritime hotspots that has stoked Asian tensions.

During a tour that has taken him to Japan, South Korea and Malaysia, Obama has repeatedly warned that small nations should not be bullied by larger ones, a clear reference to China's increasingly sharp geopolitical elbows.

"Disputes need to be resolved peacefully, without intimidation or coercion, and... all nations must abide by international rules and international norms," Obama said in Malaysia Sunday.

Simmering disputes

Opening his trip, Obama made clear that US defense treaties with Japan did cover disputed islands long administered by Tokyo in the East China Sea, which are known as the Senkakus in Japan and Diaoyus in China.

The Philippines has its own territorial disputes with China in the South China Sea -- notably over the Second Thomas Shoal, an outpost in the remote Spratly Islands.

US officials have not been so specific over their obligations towards Manila on territorial disputes -- but it is clear they do not believe they are covered by the American Mutual Defense Treaty with the Philippines.

"With respect to some of the difficult territorial issues that are being worked through, it is hard to speculate on those because they involve hypothetical situations in the South China Sea," said deputy national security advisor Ben Rhodes.

"The US-Japan agreement has very specific coverage of territory under Japanese administration.

"Some of the disputes in the South China Sea raise more hypothetical circumstances."

In essence, the difference lies in the fact that Japan already administers the Senkakus/Diaoyus while the status of other islands and reefs is disputed -- even though they lie within the Philippines' internationally mandated exclusive economic zone and far closer to Filipino landmass than Chinese.

Brunei, Malaysia, and Vietnam, as well as Taiwan, also have overlapping claims to the sea, believed to contain vast deposits of natural gas and oil.

Obama has repeatedly stressed that despite Beijing's territorial disputes with its allies, his Asia rebalancing strategy is not aimed at containing China's rise to regional, and perhaps global superpower status.

But US officials also make clear that they blame China for hiking tensions in the region over claims often well outside its territorial waters.

"We oppose the use of intimidation, coercion or aggression by any state to advance their maritime territorial claims," said Evan Medeiros, senior director for Asia at the National Security Council.

US 'rebalance' to Asia

The Philippines has accused China of becoming increasingly aggressive in staking its claims to the sea, and has called on the United States for greater military as well as diplomatic support.

The new agreement, signed in Manila on Monday by Philippine defense minister Voltaire Gazmin and US ambassador Philip Goldberg, will not allow Washington to establish a permanent base in the Philippines or bring in nuclear weapons to the country.

But it represents a new era in defence ties, allowing more of the high-profile war games that are regularly conducted by the long-time allies and for some US military hardware to be stationed on Filipino soil.

The Philippines hosted two of the largest overseas US military bases until 1992, when Manila voted to end their lease at a time of growing anti-US sentiment.

With rising regional disquiet over the implications of China's rise, the Philippines has sought greater military ties with Washington in recent years.

In comments to local television network ABS-CBN ahead of his arrival in Manila, Obama sought to reassure the Philippines about US support, referring to a 1951 mutual defense treaty between the two nations.

"The United States stands by its allies, in good times and in bad," Obama said.

"In fact, one of the main purposes of my visit will be to reaffirm our treaty commitments to the Philippines and to make it clear that just as we've relied on each other in the past, we can count on each other today."
http://www.interaksyon.com/article/85618/obama-arrives-in-manila-on-last-leg-of-tour-to-cement-defense-ties-with-allies

Senate role in PH-US defense pact splits Aquino allies

From InterAksyon (Apr 28): Senate role in PH-US defense pact splits Aquino allies

Allies of President Aquino in the Senate are split in viewing the new Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) signed by US and Philippine officials hours before President Barack Obama arrived in Manila.

Two senators- Antonio Trillanes IV and Grace Poe- said the new 10-year agreement, which allowed for longer periods of increased rotational presence of US troops and materiel in Philippine facilities, need not go through the Senate for concurrence. But Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago, the foreign relations panel chair, reiterated her position the accord should undergo concurrence by the Senate, vested by the Philippine Constitution with treaty-ratifying powers.

Santiago also warned that the EDCA will further antagonize China  because in effect the country gave its consent to be listed in America’s column, instead of the Chinese.

Unfair surprise

Santiago chafed at the seeming “surprise” moves taken by Executive officials – and the US side – in rolling out the EDCA, which until Sunday noon had been uncertain, according to Palace officials who briefed reporters.

She also sensed some manipulation in having the accord signed by just the Philippine defense secretary Voltaire Gazmin and Washington’s envoy to Manila Philip Goldberg.

“All the while, the Committee on Foreign Relations, of which I am chair, expected that any such Agreement would be signed by the two Presidents,” Santiago said.

Santiago said she had argued that such an Agreement should first be submitted for concurrence to the Senate. 

“There was no hint that the Agreement has been downgraded, for signature not by the two Presidents, but only by the defense secretary and the American ambassador in Manila,” Santiago said.

“This contretemps does not indicate good faith on the part of the two Presidents.  The use of guile in diplomacy should be limited to state-to-state situations, and should not include a situation involving only two branches of the same government,” she added.
        
Santiago said the Senate has not been given the courtesy from the Executive department to be furnished with a copy; Malacanang instead announced it will be released by Thursday or four days later after the Obama visit.

“I feel as if I have been slapped, or ordered to melt into the wallpaper,” she said.

America cannot have it both ways

In an age when states collide no longer because of ideology but because of geopolitics, she is no longer worried that the country might become beholden to American interests.

“From the time of the American colonial regime in my country, American business and military interests have always dictated American policy with respect to all countries, including PH.  America cannot have it both ways.  It cannot tie down PH to a mutual defense treaty, and yet hope that it will not ruffle the feathers of China,” Santiago said.

She added that the U.S. should not continue to treat PH as a satellite state, while aiming to remain on good terms with China, which has been seizing the initiative in Asian maritime territorial disputes. 

“The three top economies in the world consist of the U.S., China, and Japan.  It is understandable why PH is being treated so shabbily,” she said.

Antagonizing China

Meanwhile, she warned of the complications from the new agreement, with regard to how Beijing views Washington and Manila. “Definitely, the new agreement further antagonizes the Philippines’ ties with China. Whatever it may contain will further antagonize China because in effect, we consent that the PH should be listed under the American column, instead of the China column,” Santiago said.

Santiago said that if China reaches out to Russia while the Ukraine issue continues to simmer, the US will certainly call on PH to fulfil its treaty obligation under the PH-US Mutual Defense Treaty.

“The PH executive branch apparently adopts the attitude that the Mutual Defense Treaty will oblige the U.S. to automatically come to the aid of PH if attacked by China.  I respectfully dissent,” she said.

For one thing, Santiago said that “the MDT does not define what a “metropolitan territory” of each State is.”

“For another thing, the MDT provides that U.S. will come to the aid of PH only after the issues has been passed through US constitutional processes, meaning that it is subject to open-ended debate in the US Congress,” she said.

Trillanes, Poe disagree with Santiago

Earlier, in separate text messages, Senator Grace Poe and Antonio Trillanes IV said they were both briefed by defense and foreign affairs officials on the document before it was signed in time for the arrival of President Barack Obama today.

Poe, chairman of the Senate committee on public order and illegal drugs, said the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) falls under the VFA, which was ratified by the Senate in 1999.

“I understand this is a supplemental (agreement) providing details to implement the VFA,” she said.

Poe said she feels that the country needs the agreement at this time as “we are asserting our sovereignty and guarding our territory against the possible incursion of China over West Philippine Sea.”

“I just hope that our AFP will take this opportunity to modernize truly our armed forces and harness security and defense system with this agreement,” she said.

Poe said she recommended the full publication of the pact for scrutiny and transparency.

The Senate Oversight Committee on VFA can assess the new agreement as it “is within the limits of the original Visiting Forces Agreement, just to assure our citizenry that is fair and proper,” she said.

Senate was briefed

For his part, Trillanes, chairman of the Senate committee on national defense and security, said his panel has been thoroughly briefed at every step of the negotiations for the EDCA.

“We have understood that while the agreement per se would be made public, the negotiations cannot be discussed publicly, since we are dealing with security matters,” he said.

Trillanes, former rebel soldier-turned politician, said he believes EDCA does not need the ratification of the Senate.

“It is but implementing guidelines of the Mutual Defense Treaty and Visiting Forces Agreement and there are no new concepts introduced to make it an entirely different treaty,” he said.

“Having said this, anybody can raise this issue to the Supreme Court for their disposition,” Trillanes added.

http://www.interaksyon.com/article/85622/senate-role-in-ph-us-defense-pact-splits-aquino-allies

Most Filipinos trust the US, says SWS survey

From InterAksyon (Apr 28): Most Filipinos trust the US, says SWS survey



The US Embassy launches its America in 3D exposition to promote more awareness about the US among Filipinos, in this March 2013 file photo at Robinson's Mall in Leyte. INTERAKSYON.COM

Majority of the Filipinos have "much trust" in the United States of America, a survey of the Social Weather Stations said, as the country awaits the arrival of President Barack Obama who will arrive Monday for a two-day visit.

In a survey conducted from March 27-30 this year, 85 percent of the respondents said they have much trust in the US, while 9 percent were undecided if they have "much or little trust." Of the respondents, 4 percent also replied they have "somewhat little trust" and 2 percent answered they have "very little trust."

The survey was conducted using face-to-face interviews of 1,200 adults in Metro Manila, with  sampling error margins of +/- 3% for national percentages, and +/-6% each for Metro Manila, Balance Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

The respondents were asked: "Please indicate if your trust/faith in the United States of America is very much, somewhat much, undecided if much or little, somewhat little, very little, or you have not heard or read anything about the USA ever."

The SWS survey on the public trust was non-commissioned, and was included on the survey firm's own initiative.

The Filipinos' net trust in the U.S. was "excellent in all areas: +80 in Mindanao; +80 in Balance Luzon; +79 in the Visayas; and +71 in Metro Manila.

It was also excellent in all classes, and among both men and women.

http://www.interaksyon.com/article/85623/most-filipinos-trust-the-us-says-sws-survey

No new U.S. bases in PH, no move to counter China via EDCA, says Obama

From InterAksyon (Apr 28): No new U.S. bases in PH, no move to counter China via EDCA, says Obama

U.S. President Barack Obama has reiterated that American military bases will not return to the Philippines with the signing of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) between the two countries.

He also said that the signing of the pact with Philippines was not a move to either contain or counter China, which has an on-going dispute with the Philippines over territories in the West Philippine Sea (South China Sea).

At a press conference in Malacanang with President Benigno Aquino III Monday afternoon, Obama said, "I'll be very clear, the United States is not trying to reclaim old bases or build new bases. At the invitation of the Philippines, American servicemen will rotate through Filipino facilities and exercise more together, so we're prepared for a range (of) challenges including humanitarian crisis and natural disasters like Yolanda," he said.

"We have decades of alliance with the Philippines. But in the 21st century, we have to update that," the U.S. chief executive said.

He said EDCA would be a "terrific opportunity for us to work with the Philippines, to make sure there's information sharing." He said that through the pact, the U.S. would be able to help the Philippines not just on ensuring its maritime security but also in responding to natural disasters, extreme weather conditions such as super typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), and other problems caused by climate change.

Obama made the statement after Filipino activists assailed the signing of the EDCA, claiming that the pact was a proof of American “expansionism” abetted by the “subservience” of the Philippine government.

“The signing of this new 10-year pact between Washington and Manila would usher in a decade of slavery for the Filipino people who will be forced to again witness rapacious American expansionism and militarization, a decade which will be marked not by increased peace and stability -- but rather increased tension and unease,” said Kabataan party-list Representative Terry Ridon.

“Our countrymen do not deserve this new travesty against our national sovereignty,”added the activist lawmaker.

[READ RELATED STORY: Activists blast EDCA signing, US 'expansionism' and PH gov't's 'subservience, betrayal'] 

No attempt to counter China via EDCA 

Hours after the U.S. signed the pact with the Philippines, Obama said U.S. goal was not to contain or counter China. "We welcome China's peaceful rise. We have a constructive relationship with China."

Obama nevertheless backed Manila's effort to get its territorial disputes with China adjudicated by international arbitration. "We affirm the importance of solving territorial disputes peacefully."

"Our goal is not to counter China. Our goal is to make sure international rules are respected that includes the area of maritime disputes," Obama said.

Washington, however, argues that Beijing must play by the "rules of the road" to make sure that territorial disputes in the South and East China Seas are solved in line with international law, not by intimidation or coercion.

"We do not take specific positions in the dispute between two nations...but we don't think that coercion is the way to manage this dispute," the U.S. president said.

Obama's tour of US allies in Asia encompassing Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines over the last week has been closely watched in Beijing, which is sensitive to any suggestion Washington is trying to prevent China's development as a regional superpower.

http://www.interaksyon.com/article/85637/no-new-u-s--bases-in-ph-no-move-to-counter-china-via-edca-says-obama

FULL STATEMENT | Obama talks about renewed leadership in Asia, pact with PH, China dispute

From InterAksyon (Apr 28): FULL STATEMENT | Obama talks about renewed leadership in Asia, pact with PH, China dispute



U.S. President Barack Obama in Malacanang during a press conference on Monday, April 28. Malacanang Photo Bureau.

Below is U.S. President Barack Obama's statement delivered during a press conference in Malacanang with President Benigno Aquino III on Monday, April 28.

Obama, who is on a two-day state visit to the Philippines, discussed about the U.S. move to renew its leadership in the Asia Pacific. Amid Filipino activists' claim of U.S. "expansionism," Obama also stressed that the U.S. had no intention to either reclaim old bases in the Philppines or build new ones.

Moreover, Obama said the U.S. goverment was reaffirming "the importance of resolving territorial disputes in the region peacefully without intimidation or coercions."

READ OBAMA'S FULL STATEMENT. 

Mabuhay!

Thank you President Aquino for your warm welcome and your very kind words. With the President’s indulgence, I want to begin by saying a few words about some terrible storms and tornadoes back home in the United States.

Over the weekend, a series of storms claimed at least a dozen of lives and damaged or destroyed homes and businesses and communities across multiple states with the worst toll in areas in Arkansas. So I want to offer my deepest condolences to all those who lost loved ones. I commend the heroic efforts of first responders and neighbors who rushed to help.

I want everyone affected by this tragedy know that FEMA and the Federal government is on the ground and will help our fellow Americans in need, working with state and local officials, and I want everybody to know that your country will be there to help you recover and rebuild as long as it takes.

Now, this is my first visit to the Philippines as President, and I am proud to be here as we mark the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Leyte Gulf when Americans and Filipinos fought together to liberate this nation during World War II. Now, all these years later, we continue to stand shoulder-to-shoulder to uphold peace and security in this region and around the world.

Mr. Benigno, I want to thank you and the Filipino people, not only for your generous hospitality today but for a friendship that has spanned generations. I’d like to add our friendship is deeper and the United States is stronger because of the contributions and patriotism of millions of proud Filipino-Americans.

As I made clear throughout this trip, the United States is renewing our leadership in the Asia Pacific and our engagement is rooted in our alliances, and that includes the Philippines, which is the oldest security treaty alliance that we have in Asia.

As a vibrant democracy, the Philippines reflects the desire of citizens in this region to live in freedom and to have their universal rights upheld. As one of the fastest growing economies in Asia, the Philippines represents new opportunities for the trade and investment that creates jobs in both countries.

And given its strategic location, the Philippines is a better partner on issues such as maritime security and freedom of navigation. Let me add that recent agreement to end the insurgency in the South gives the Philippines a historic opportunity to forge a lasting peace here at home with greater security and prosperity for the people of that region.

I was proud to welcome President Aquino to the White House two years ago, and since then we’ve worked to deepen our cooperation and to modernize our alliances. Our partnership reflects an important Filipino concept: ‘bayanihan’—the idea that we have to work together to accomplish things that we couldn’t achieve on our own.

That’s what we saw last year when Typhoon Yolanda devastated so many communities. Our Armed Forces and civilians from both our countries worked as one to rescue victims and to deliver life-saving aid—that’s what friends do for each other. And Mr. President, I want to say to you and the people of the Philippines, the United States will continue to stand with you as you recover and rebuild. Our commitment to the Philippines will not waver.

Today, I’m pleased that we’re beginning an important new chapter in the relationship between our countries, and it starts with our security with the new defense cooperation agreement that was signed today. I want to be very clear: the United States is not trying to reclaim old bases or build new bases.

At the invitation of the Philippines, American service members will rotate through Filipino facilities. We’ll train and exercise more together so that we’re prepared for a range of challenges, including humanitarian crises and natural disasters like ‘Yolanda’.

We’ll work together to build the Philippines’ defense capabilities, and work with other nations to promote regional stability, such as in the South China Sea. And I’m looking forward to my visit with forces from both our nations tomorrow to honor their service and to look ahead to the future we can shape together.

As we strengthen our bilateral security cooperation, we’re also working together with regional institutions like ASEAN and the East Asia Summit. When we met in the Oval Office two years ago, Benigno and I agreed to promote a common set of rules founded in respect for international law that will help the Asia Pacific remain open and inclusive as the region grows and develops.

Today, we reaffirm the importance of resolving territorial disputes in the region peacefully without intimidation or coercions. And in that spirit, I told him that the United States supports his decision to pursue international arbitration concerning territorial disputes in the South China Sea.

Finally, we agreed to keep deepening our economic cooperation. I congratulated President Aquino on the reforms that he’s pursued to make the Philippines more competitive through our partnership for growth and our Millennium Challenge Cooperation compact. We are going to keep working together to support these efforts so that more Filipinos can share in this nation’s economic progress because growth has to be broad-based and it has to be inclusive.

We discussed the steps that the Philippines could take to position itself for the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and I encouraged the President to seize the opportunity he’s created by opening the next phase of economic reform and growth.

Today, I’m announcing that my Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker will lead the delegation of American business leaders to the Philippines this June to explore new opportunities. And I add that we’ve also committed to work together to address the devastating effects of climate change and to make Philippine communities less vulnerable to extreme storms like 'Yolanda'.

So Mr. President, let me once again thank you for everything you’ve done to strengthen our alliance and our friendship. I’m looking forward to paying tribute to the bonds between our people at the dinner tonight and on working with you as we write the next chapter in the relationship between our two countries. 

http://www.interaksyon.com/article/85640/full-statement--obama-talks-about-renewed-leadership-in-asia-pact-with-ph-china-dispute

Philippines-United States Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement

From the Mindanao Examiner BlogSpot site (Apr 28): Philippines-United States Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (Frequently Asked Question or FAQs)

1. What is the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA)?

The EDCA is an agreement between the Philippines and the United States which is envisioned to advance the implementation of the PH-US Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT).

2. What purpose does EDCA serve?

The EDCA is designed to promote between the Philippines and its defense treaty ally the United States the following: Interoperability, Capacity building towards AFP modernization, Strengthening AFP for external defense, Maritime Security, Maritime Domain Awareness
Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response (HADR)

3. How will these objectives be achieved?

We are currently holding joint training exercises such as Balikatan and undertaking humanitarian assistance and disaster relief cooperation such as in the aftermath of Typhoon Yolanda.

To improve on the above, we intend to undertake additional cooperation by way of (1) Construction of facilities and infrastructure upgrades; and (2) Storage and prepositioning of defense and HADR equipment, supplies and material.

4. Where will the construction and prepositioning take place?

These will take place in designated areas within a few AFP bases to be agreed upon by both Parties.

5. What principles were adhered to in ensuring that the national interests are protected and advanced?

Upon the instructions of the President, we observed the following principles:

Strict compliance with the Philippine Constitution, laws and jurisprudence;
Utmost respect for Philippine sovereignty; Requirement for Philippine consent for all activities; No permanent presence or base by US troops in the Philippines; Full Philippine control over facilities to be used;
Mutuality of benefits; Non-exclusivity of use of the designated areas for US armed forces; Enhancement of AFP capabilities through joint training exercises; Prohibition of nuclear weapons; and, US commitment for long-term AFP capability build-up.

6. What are the main features of EDCA?

Consistent with the President’s guidelines, the agreement has the following main features:

Clear provision that the US would “not establish a permanent military presence or base in the Philippines”; US access to and use of designated areas in AFP owned and controlled facilities (“Agreed Locations”) will be at the invitation of the Philippine Government; Prior consent of the Philippines, through the Mutual Defense Board (MDB) and Security Engagement Board (SEB), with regard to US access and use of Agreed Locations which may be listed in an annex and further described in implementing arrangements;
Philippines retention of primary responsibility for security of the Agreed Locations.

And access of the AFP base commander to the entire area of the Agreed Locations; Philippine ownership of buildings and infrastructure once constructed by US military; Sharing and joint use of facilities in the Agreed Locations, including those built by the US military; Value of prepositioned materiel in the enhancement of AFP defense capabilities and possible transfer or purchase of materiel determined to be excess; Prohibition of entry to the Philippines of nuclear weapons, and reference to respective obligations of both Parties under the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention; Strong commitment by both Parties in protecting the environment, human health and safety; Preference for Philippine suppliers of goods, products and service in US military procurement; and, Regular consultation on the implementation of the agreement.

7. How does the Philippine Government envision defense cooperation with the US?

The Philippines will strengthen its capabilities for external and territorial defense by continuing to work with its treaty ally in a mutually beneficial way in line with what is allowed by the Philippine Constitution.

8. What other benefits will the Philippines derive from EDCA?

In addition to interoperability, maritime security, maritime domain awareness, capacity building and more expeditious HADR, the Agreement will further benefit the Philippines economically through the provision of jobs and other economic opportunities in the construction activities in the Agreed Locations and procurement of local goods and supplies by the US military and personnel.

9. What is the reason behind the change in the title of the agreement from “Increased Rotational Presence Framework Agreement” to “Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement”?

The change in the title reflects the desire of the Philippines and the US for a more comprehensive agreement that covers the full range of enhanced defense cooperation, including developing maritime security, maritime domain awareness and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief capabilities. Increased rotational presence is just one modality of enhanced defense cooperation.

10. Is EDCA constitutional?

Yes. EDCA provides that the access and use of AFP facilities by the US military will be “at the invitation of the Philippines and with full respect for the Philippine Constitution and Philippine laws.”

The constitutional provision which prohibits the establishment of “foreign military bases… or facilities” in the country except under a treaty duly concurred in by the Senate does not apply to EDCA.

The defining features of “foreign military bases” – extraterritoriality, exclusivity in use and foreign ownership – will not be applicable in the Agreed Locations.

On the other hand, the entry of US military troops for military exercises and other approved activities is already allowed under the PH-US Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) which is a treaty concurred in by the Senate and upheld by the Supreme Court.

The provisions of EDCA, an executive agreement, are consistent with the Philippine Constitution, laws, and jurisprudence.

11. Does EDCA mean the return of US bases in the Philippines?

The Agreement is very clear on this matter and specifies in the Preamble the Parties’ “understanding for the US not to establish a permanent military presence or base in the territory of the Philippines.”

EDCA does not authorize the establishment of US bases. It allows the US military access to Agreed Locations.

12. Does EDCA give the US military blanket authority to build facilities in AFP military bases? Will the Philippines have access to these facilities? Who will own them?

Under EDCA, before constructions and other activities can be undertaken, prior consent of the Philippines will have to be secured through the Mutual Defense Board (MDB) and Security Engagement Board (SEB) which were established under the MDT and the VFA. The AFP base commander will have access to the entire area of the facilities shared with the US military. The Philippines will also own any building and similar infrastructure that will be built by the US military.

13. Will EDCA also provide a blanket authority for all activities of the US troops in the future?

No. Activities to be undertaken under EDCA will have to be approved by the Philippines through the MDB and SEB.

14. How long will EDCA be in effect?

EDCA will have an initial term of 10 years. There will be regular bilateral consultations on the implementation of the Agreement.

15. How many US personnel will be allowed into the Philippines under this Agreement?

The number of visiting US personnel will depend on the scale and the frequency of the activities to be approved by both Parties.

There will be no stationing of US personnel under EDCA. US personnel will come on temporary and rotational basis in relation to activities that will be held in AFP facilities.

16. Will the entry of nuclear weapons, chemical weapons and biological weapons be allowed under the EDCA?

EDCA clearly provides that the materials the US military may bring into the country “shall not include nuclear weapons,” in compliance with the Philippine Constitution. EDCA also reaffirms the two countries’ respective obligations under the Convention on Chemical Weapons and Convention on Biological Weapons.

17. Which AFP bases will be shared with and used by the US under EDCA?

The designated areas in a limited number of AFP bases that will be shared and jointly used with the US will be specified in an annex and agreed implementing arrangements. Given the mutuality of benefits to be derived from the Agreement (such as making available defense and HADR equipment, supplies and materiel for the benefit of the Philippines), the areas will be made available to US forces without rental. In addition, the buildings and other infrastructure to be constructed by the US military will be owned by the Philippines.

18. How will the Philippines benefit from the prepositioning of US military equipment?

EDCA recognizes the value of prepositioning and storing equipment, supplies and materiel to the enhancement of the AFP’s defense capabilities.

Moreover, prepositioned materiel will allow for timely responses in the event of disasters – natural or otherwise. This is well recognized by the Philippines and the United States. As stated in Article IV para 2, “The Parties share a recognition of the benefits that such prepositioning could have for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.”

19. How will EDCA improve humanitarian assistance and disaster relief?

As shown in the aftermath of Typhoon Yolanda, the need for timely delivery of relief assistance is critical.

Under EDCA, activities aimed at increasing and strengthening the Parties’ individual and collective HADR capabilities will be facilitated and strengthened through prepositioned materiel and closer cooperation with the US.

20. Does EDCA address concerns on environmental protection and human health and safety?

Yes. This is a landmark and defining feature of EDCA.

This agreement has robust provisions on environmental protection, human health and safety, including the adoption of a “preventative approach” to environmental protection, the application of “environmental compliance standards that reflect the more protective of Philippines, US or applicable international agreement standards,” immediate action to contain and address environmental contamination resulting from spills, and other measures.

21. How does EDCA relate to the Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT)?

The MDT obligated the Philippines and the United States to maintain and develop their individual and collective defense capabilities.

EDCA is therefore within the ambit and in furtherance of the MDT.

22. How does EDCA relate to the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA)?

The VFA lays out the terms and conditions on the entry and visit of US military personnel for military exercises. These provisions shall likewise apply to the entry and temporary stay of US personnel under EDCA.

23. If the above activities are within the ambit of the MDT and VFA, why is there a need for a new agreement on enhanced defense cooperation?

In advancing the benefits that could be derived from our defense alliance with the United States, we needed to articulate the parameters, modalities and mechanisms to a greater degree.

24. Does EDCA address the matter on criminal jurisdiction and custody of indicted servicemen?

With the finalization of EDCA, we can now fast track the bilateral consultations on the implementing arrangements of the VFA.

25. Will EDCA affect bilateral relations with neighboring countries?

EDCA reaffirms the desire of both the Philippines and the United States to strengthen international and regional security and stability, a common and shared interest of countries in the region.

26. What will be our neighbors’ reaction to this Agreement?

We would hope that this Agreement will also be viewed by our neighbors as a positive contribution towards peace and stability in the region.

27. Is it true that the negotiation was rushed in order to coincide with US President Barack Obama’s visit to the Philippines?

The pace of negotiations for EDCA was dictated by the need for full understanding and consensus by both negotiating panels on all provisions of the Agreement. It was more important for both parties to come up with an Agreement that would be fully and mutually acceptable to both sides – consistent with their respective laws.

28. How long did the negotiations take?

The eight rounds of negotiations and preceded by preparatory discussions took almost two years to complete.

29. Was the Philippine Congress briefed on this Agreement?

During the course of the negotiations, the leadership of both Houses of Congress was informed of the progress of the negotiations. We will be scheduling a full briefing for interested members of Congress.

30. Do we have the support of the Filipino people for EDCA?

A recent Social Weather Station survey showed at least 7 out of 10 Filipinos support measures to strengthen the country’s defense capabilities and that the Philippines may ask its partners in achieving this objective.

Through EDCA, the Philippines will cooperate with its defense treaty ally in further strengthening their respective individual and collective defense capabilities.

All Filipinos should unite in support for a stronger Philippines.

http://www.mindanaoexaminer.net/2014/04/philippines-united-states-enhanced.html