The Philippine government may have won the battle against "Islamic State"-affiliated militants in Marawi but experts say it may lose the war against violent extremism if the peace process is not revived in the area and the re-building of Marawi is not done according to the wishes of the residents.
The Philippine security forces officially ended their combat operations in the city last Monday. The five-month battle between the country's army and the ISIS-linked Maute militant group was one of the deadliest wars in the Southeast Asian country since World War II.
"The government needs to restart the peace process immediately," Agakhan Sharief, a Muslim leader in Marawi, told Deutsche Welle.
Sharief, who is also a member of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) — the biggest armed group in the region — said the government's failure to pass the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) for a greater Muslim autonomy in southern Philippines contributed to the frustration and radicalization of Omar and Abdullah Maute, the two brothers who led the siege.
The passage of the BBL would have ended decades of armed conflict between the government and separatist groups fighting for autonomy for the Filipino Muslim minority. The conflict has claimed more than 120,000 lives and has seen a series of collapsed peace deals that led to the formation of militias like Maute.
No military solution
Commenting on the volatile situation in Marawi, Sidney Jones, director of the Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict (IPAC), said in August: "The risks won't end when the military declares victory."
A report released by IPAC states that addressing violent extremism will require "looking beyond military solutions that include brokering peace with other insurgent groups to promote security, development projects that address root problems of scarce opportunities and education and re-building the city of Marawi with respect for the Muslim culture and way of life."
Humanitarian agencies working in Marawi say the military did its best to protect civilians and minimize damage to mosques, but the fighting has reduced much of the city to rubble. Thousands of homes have been completely destroyed and it may take years to rebuild them.
Re-building Marawi
"The real battle – re-building Marawi – starts now," said Jamalodin Mohammad, one of the many Marawi residents forced to flee the city after its siege in May.
Mohammad is not satisfied with the government efforts toward reconstruction and rehabilitation.
"We've been hearing about consultative meetings. But will the real victims be involved in these meetings? If the post-war reconstruction work in Marawi is not done satisfactorily, it will give impetus to Islamist fighters," he added.
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